Barn Swallow

Hirundo rustica

Genus · Typical Swallows Family · Swallows and Martins
Observation tips Difficulty: EASY
Best time
🕒 Any
Activity
☀️ Diurnal
Best months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Observation habitat
FarmlandOpen waterUtility wires

Look for the long forked tail and the dark throat. Unlike House Martins, Barn Swallows do not have a white rump.

Barn Swallow

♂ Male · ♀ Female

Stats
Wingspan32–35 cm
Weight16–22 g
Length17–21 cm
Lifespan wild4–11 yrs
Size
XS
S
M
L
XL
Nesting
Nest typeCup
Clutch size4–6 eggs
Incubation14–16 days
Breeding months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Regional Status (Europe)
LC
Least Concern (Europe)
IUCN Red List
MigrationMigratory
Social BehaviourFlocking

Diet: Insectivore

🐝Bees
🦗Insects

Habitat

🚜 Farmland🌿 Grassland🏙️ Urban
✦ Fun Fact

Barn Swallows have a remarkable memory. Many Barn Swallows return to the very same nest after a round-trip migration of up to 10,000 kilometres.

About

A classic summer visitor to Europe that arrives from Africa in April. It is a slender bird with glossy steel-blue upperparts and a red throat. It has long, deeply forked tail feathers called streamers. It nests in farm buildings, stables, and under bridges. It is a celebrated harbinger of spring across the continent.

Behaviour

Swallows are aerial masters. They catch insects on the wing with incredible agility. They often skim just inches above water or grass. Their flight is faster than that of martins. They are social birds and gather in huge numbers on wires before autumn migration. Their song is a cheerful, liquid warble.

Sexual Dimorphism

♂ Male

Has significantly longer tail streamers than the female. His red throat patch is more vibrant and deeper in color.

♀ Female

Shorter tail streamers and slightly duller underparts. Her throat patch is a paler shade of red.

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