Sandwich Tern

Thalasseus sandvicensis

Genus · Crested Terns Family · Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers
Observation tips Difficulty: EASY
Best time
🕒 Any
Activity
☀️ Diurnal
Best months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Observation habitat
HarborsSand barsShorelines

Look for the yellow tip on the black bill and listen for its loud, harsh calls over beaches and coastal dunes.

Sandwich Tern
Stats
Wingspan95–105 cm
Weight180–300 g
Length36–41 cm
Lifespan wild12–30 yrs
Size
XS
S
M
L
XL
Nesting
Nest typeScrape
Clutch size1–3 eggs
Incubation21–25 days
Breeding months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Regional Status (Europe)
LC
Least Concern (Europe)
IUCN Red List
MigrationMigratory
Social BehaviourColonial

Diet: Piscivore

🦀Crustaceans
🐟Fish

Habitat

🌊 Marine🏞️ River
✦ Fun Fact

Sandwich Terns are surprisingly nomadic. If a colony site becomes unsuitable, the entire group may move many kilometres away the following year.

About

A large pale tern with a shaggy black crest. It has a long black bill with a diagnostic yellow tip. It is a summer visitor to European coasts. It nests in dense, noisy colonies on shingle banks. It is rarely found far from the coast except during migration.

Behaviour

Sandwich Terns are powerful fliers. They hunt by plunge-diving into the sea for small fish, especially sand eels. They are highly social and have loud, harsh calls that are easy to hear over the sound of the waves. They often nest alongside Black-headed Gulls for added protection against predators.
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