Coal Tit

Periparus ater

Genus · Tufted and Yellow-bellied Tits Family · Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice
Observation tips Difficulty: MODERATE
Best time
🕒 Any
Activity
☀️ Diurnal
Best months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Observation habitat
Bird feederCanopy foliageTree branches

Look for the white patch on the back of the black head. Watch for the smallest bird at the feeder taking one seed at a time.

Coal Tit
Stats
Wingspan17–21 cm
Weight7–12 g
Length10–12 cm
Lifespan wild2–9 yrs
Size
XS
S
M
L
XL
Nesting
Nest typeCavity
Clutch size7–11 eggs
Incubation12–15 days
Breeding months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Regional Status (Europe)
LC
Least Concern (Europe)
IUCN Red List
MigrationResident
Social BehaviourFlocking

Diet: Omnivore

🦗Insects
🐛Larvae
🌻Seeds
🕷️Spiders

Habitat

🌲 Forest coniferous🌲🌳 Forest mixed🏙️ Urban
✦ Fun Fact

Coal Tits often line their nests with soft mammal fur, including rabbit or deer hair, creating a warm, well-insulated nursery for their chicks.

About

The smallest and most charming European tit. It mostly lives in coniferous forests but frequently visits garden bird feeders. It is a neat grey-and-black bird that lacks the bright yellow and blue colours of its relatives. It is well adapted to foraging among pine and spruce needles.

Behaviour

Coal Tits are incredibly active and fast. They rarely eat at the feeder itself, instead taking a single seed and flying off to store it in a bark crevice or among conifer needles. They can create hundreds or even thousands of such food caches to help them survive the winter. Their song is a fast, high-pitched 'if-ee, if-ee, if-ee'.
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