Smew

Mergellus albellus

Genus · Smew Family · Ducks, Geese, and Swans
Observation tips Difficulty: MODERATE
Best time
🕒 Any
Activity
☀️ Diurnal
Best months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Observation habitat
Coastal baysIce free riversOpen water

In winter, look for Smews on calm lakes and sheltered bays in small groups mixed with other diving ducks. Males are bright white, while females and juveniles are darker with chestnut heads.

Smew

♂ Male · ♀ Female

Stats
Wingspan55–70 cm
Weight500–950 g
Length38–44 cm
Lifespan wild5–12 yrs
Size
XS
S
M
L
XL
Nesting
Nest typeCavity
Clutch size6–10 eggs
Incubation26–28 days
Breeding months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Regional Status (Europe)
LC
Least Concern (Europe)
IUCN Red List
MigrationMigratory
Social BehaviourFlocking

Diet: Piscivore

🦀Crustaceans
🐟Fish
🦗Insects

Habitat

🌲 Forest coniferous🛶 Lake wetlands🌊 Marine🏞️ River
✦ Fun Fact

In winter flocks, males and females look so different that they were once thought to be separate species.

About

The smallest of the European sawbills. The Smew is a winter visitor to Central and Western Europe from the northern taiga. It favors sheltered coastal bays and large inland lakes. The male's striking white plumage makes it a favorite for birdwatchers. These birds are often quite shy and wary of humans.

Behaviour

Smews are expert divers. They hunt for small fish and aquatic insects using a thin, serrated bill. In winter, they often form small, active groups. Their flight is very fast and direct. They are cavity nesters. They often use old Black Woodpecker holes in trees near water on their breeding grounds.

Sexual Dimorphism

♂ Male

Dazzlingly white with a delicate black 'mask' around the eye. He has a few fine black lines on the body and a small white crest.

♀ Female

The female has a grey body with a bright white throat and a distinct chestnut-red cap. Her bill is small and dark.

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