Common Kestrel

Falco tinnunculus

Genus · Typical Falcons Family · Falcons and Caracaras
Observation tips Difficulty: EASY
Best time
🕒 Any
Activity
☀️ Diurnal
Best months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Observation habitat
FarmlandUrban

Very easy to identify by its hovering behavior. Look for them along roadsides. The male's grey head is a clear marker if perched.

Common Kestrel

♂ Male · ♀ Female

Stats
Wingspan70–82 cm
Weight150–320 g
Length32–39 cm
Lifespan wild5–16 yrs
Size
XS
S
M
L
XL
Nesting
Nest typePlatform
Clutch size3–6 eggs
Incubation27–31 days
Breeding months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Regional Status (Europe)
LC
Least Concern (Europe)
IUCN Red List
MigrationPartial migratory
Social BehaviourMonogamous pairs

Diet: Carnivore

🦅Birds
🦗Insects
🐭Mammals
🦎Reptiles

Habitat

🚜 Farmland🌿 Grassland⛰️ Mountains🏙️ Urban
✦ Fun Fact

Kestrels can see ultraviolet light. This allows them to see urine trails left by voles, effectively tracking their prey like a glowing map.

About

The most familiar bird of prey in Europe. It is often seen hovering over motorway verges and grassy fields. It is a small, slim falcon with long wings and a long tail. Its plumage is mostly chestnut-brown with black spots. It is common in both the countryside and urban fringes where it hunts rodents.

Behaviour

The Kestrel is best known for its ability to hover perfectly stationary in the air. It flaps its wings and fans its tail while keeping its head steady to scan for voles. Once prey is spotted, it drops in stages before a final pounce. They nest in tree cavities, cliff ledges, or nest boxes.

Sexual Dimorphism

♂ Male

Features a sleek blue-grey head and a blue-grey tail with a broad black band at the tip. His back is bright chestnut with small spots.

♀ Female

Entirely brownish with dark barring on the back and tail. She lacks the blue-grey head of the male.

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