Common Wood Pigeon

Columba palumbus

Genus · Typical Old World Pigeons Family · Pigeons and Doves
Observation tips Difficulty: EASY
Best time
🕒 Any
Activity
☀️ Diurnal
Best months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Observation habitat
FarmlandForest deciduousUrban

Very easy to find. Look for the white 'shoulder' stripes in flight and the white neck patch on adults. Juveniles lack the neck patch.

Common Wood Pigeon
Stats
Wingspan75–82 cm
Weight350–650 g
Length40–45 cm
Lifespan wild3–16 yrs
Size
XS
S
M
L
XL
Nesting
Nest typePlatform
Clutch size2 eggs
Incubation17–19 days
Breeding months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Regional Status (Europe)
LC
Least Concern (Europe)
IUCN Red List
MigrationPartial migratory
Social BehaviourFlocking

Diet: Granivore

🫐Berries
🌾Grain
🥜Nuts
🍃Plants
🌻Seeds

Habitat

🚜 Farmland🌳 Forest deciduous🏡 Garden🏙️ Urban
✦ Fun Fact

Despite their heavy look, Wood Pigeons are strong fliers. During migration, flocks of tens of thousands can be seen crossing the Pyrenees or the Baltic Sea.

About

The Wood Pigeon is the largest and most common pigeon in Europe. It has moved successfully from forests to urban gardens. It is a soft grey bird with a pinkish breast. Adults have a white patch on the side of the neck. Its most identifying feature is the broad white band on the wing. This is highly visible in flight.

Behaviour

Wood Pigeons produce a loud 'clattering' wing-beat when they take flight suddenly. Their song is a five-note rhythmic coo: 'coo-cooo-coo, coo-coo'. During the breeding season, males perform a soaring display flight. They clap their wings together and glide down. They are primarily herbivores and eat berries, seeds, and leaves.
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