Montagu's Harrier

Circus pygargus

Genus · Harriers Family · Hawks, Eagles, and Kites
Observation tips Difficulty: MODERATE
Best time
🕒 Any
Activity
☀️ Diurnal
Best months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Observation habitat
FarmlandGrassland

Scan large wheat or barley fields in summer. Look for the male's black wing-bars and exceptionally long, narrow wings.

Montagu's Harrier

♂ Male · ♀ Female

Stats
Wingspan100–120 cm
Weight220–450 g
Length40–48 cm
Lifespan wild5–16 yrs
Size
XS
S
M
L
XL
Nesting
Nest typeScrape
Clutch size3–5 eggs
Incubation28–30 days
Breeding months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Regional Status (Europe)
LC
Least Concern (Europe)
IUCN Red List
MigrationMigratory
Social BehaviourSolitary

Diet: Carnivore

🦅Birds
🥚Eggs
🦗Insects
🐭Mammals
🦎Reptiles

Habitat

🚜 Farmland🌿 Grassland🛶 Lake wetlands
✦ Fun Fact

Montagu's Harrier breeds in Europe but migrates thousands of kilometres each year, crossing the Sahara Desert to winter in sub-Saharan Africa.

About

Montagu's Harrier is the slimmest and most agile European harrier. It is an elegant summer visitor that arrives from Africa in late April. It lives in open landscapes like heaths and marshes. It has increasingly adapted to nesting in large cereal fields. This brings it into contact with modern farming. Conservationists often must mark and protect nests from harvesting machinery. It is a light raptor that floats effortlessly over the ground.

Behaviour

Montagu's Harriers are specialized hunters. They eat small birds, lizards, and large insects. Their flight is buoyant and 'tern-like'. During courtship, pairs perform breathtaking aerial acrobatics. These include high-speed 'food passes' where the male drops prey for the female to catch mid-air. They are semi-colonial nesters and several pairs may breed in the same large field.

Sexual Dimorphism

♂ Male

Pale blue-grey above. It is distinguished from the Hen Harrier by a black bar across the mid-wing. It also has distinct rusty-brown streaks on the white flanks and belly.

♀ Female

A 'ringtail' type with dark brown upperparts and a white rump. She is slimmer than a female Hen Harrier. She usually shows a more distinct dark 'collar' around the neck.

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