Western Yellow Wagtail

Motacilla flava

Genus · Wagtails Family · Wagtails and Pipits
Observation tips Difficulty: EASY
Best time
🕒 Any
Activity
☀️ Diurnal
Best months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Observation habitat
FarmlandFencesMarshTall grass

Look for them in pastures with livestock. They have shorter tails than Grey Wagtails. They stay in open fields rather than near running water.

Western Yellow Wagtail

♂ Male · ♀ Female

Stats
Wingspan23–27 cm
Weight14–21 g
Length15–17 cm
Lifespan wild3–8 yrs
Size
XS
S
M
L
XL
Nesting
Nest typeScrape
Clutch size4–6 eggs
Incubation11–13 days
Breeding months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Regional Status (Europe)
LC
Least Concern (Europe)
IUCN Red List
MigrationMigratory
Social BehaviourMonogamous pairs

Diet: Insectivore

🐜Ants
🦗Insects
🕷️Spiders

Habitat

🚜 Farmland🌿 Grassland
✦ Fun Fact

Identifying the exact subspecies of a Yellow Wagtail is a popular challenge for birdwatchers. This is difficult because different subspecies often interbreed where their ranges overlap.

About

A slender, vibrant summer visitor to Europe. It arrives from Africa in April. Unlike the Grey Wagtail, this species lives in open damp meadows, marshes, and farm fields. It is famous for its variety of subspecies. These vary significantly in head color across the continent, such as the Blue-headed or Ashy-headed wagtails.

Behaviour

Yellow Wagtails are often seen running among the feet of grazing cattle. They catch insects disturbed by the livestock. They are social birds, especially during migration. At night, they gather in large groups in reedbeds to roost. They nest on the ground, well-hidden in thick grass or crops. Their call is a soft 'tsweep'.

Sexual Dimorphism

♂ Male

Features a bright olive-green back and brilliant yellow underparts. The head color depends on the subspecies. For example, the 'Blue-headed' one has a blue-grey head with a white eyebrow.

♀ Female

Much duller than the male. She is more brownish-grey above with washed-out yellow underparts. Her head markings are less distinct.

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