Mandarin Duck

Aix galericulata

Genus · Wood and Mandarin Ducks Family · Ducks, Geese, and Swans
Observation tips Difficulty: MODERATE
Best time
🕒 Any
Activity
☀️ Diurnal
Best months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Observation habitat
Lake wetlandsRiverUrban

Search quiet, wooded ponds or park lakes with lots of cover. They are most active at dawn and dusk. Look for them perched on logs near the water.

Mandarin Duck

♂ Male · ♀ Female

Stats
Wingspan68–74 cm
Weight440–630 g
Length41–49 cm
Lifespan wild6–10 yrs
Size
XS
S
M
L
XL
Nesting
Nest typeCavity
Clutch size9–12 eggs
Incubation28–30 days
Breeding months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Regional Status (Europe)
LC
Least Concern (Europe)
IUCN Red List
MigrationResident
Social BehaviourMonogamous pairs

Diet: Omnivore

🍃Plants
🌻Seeds
🦗Insects
🐟Fish
🥜Nuts

Habitat

🌳 Forest deciduous🛶 Lake wetlands🏞️ River🏙️ Urban
✦ Fun Fact

In many Asian cultures, Mandarins symbolize lifelong fidelity and are gifted at weddings. In reality, they often find new partners every season.

About

Originally from East Asia, the Mandarin Duck now has large wild populations in Europe. It is a medium-sized perching duck and a close relative of the Wood Duck. This species prefers wooded lakes and slow rivers with overhanging trees. It is one of the few ducks that nests in tree cavities high above the ground. Despite the male's bright colors, these birds are secretive. They often hide under low branches during the day.

Behaviour

Mandarins are shy and easily startled. They take flight quickly if disturbed. Unlike most ducks, they are agile fliers through trees and can perch on branches using strong claws. During the breeding season, drakes show off by shaking large feathers in their tail, also known as 'sails'. In winter, Mandarins form small flocks and often return to the same sheltered spots every year. They eat seeds, acorns, and small insects.

Sexual Dimorphism

♂ Male

Highly ornate with a red bill and a large white crescent above the eye. It features reddish 'whiskers' and two orange 'sail' feathers that stand up on its back.

♀ Female

Mainly grey-brown with a white eye-ring and a stripe running back from the eye. The flanks have pale spotting, and the bill is dark grey.

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